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Encephalopathy – The definition from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders says:
Encephalopathy is a term for any diffuse disease of the brain that alters brain function or structure.
It is a very broad term for many different types of neurological disorders. It encompasses everything from memory loss to brain tumors. If you see this listed in a child’s profile or history, ask many questions, ask for detailed explanations and even ask for medical reports.
Enuresis/Encopresis – These disorders refer to soiling, by urine or feces, that is not age appropriate. There are various reasons for the soiling. Children who have been sexually abused sometimes use this as a defense mechanism against sexual predators, it could be stress related, it could be a physical condition that can be handled through medication. It is not cause for alarm, but rather something that may alert you to an emotional issue.
Heart Murmur – A heart murmur refers to a sound the blood makes during a heartbeat. Many people live for years with a heart murmur and never know it. A heart murmur can be an indication that there is a hole in the heart, or other physical condition that requires medical attention. Other signs or symptoms of a serious murmur include poor appetite or failure to gain weight, shortness of breath, enlarged liver, and chest pains. If you see these in your child’s file, ask more questions.
Hydrocephalus – Hydrocephalus is more commonly known as “water on the brain.” The water is actually cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a naturally occurring fluid, but it builds up on the brain rather than flowing through the body as it should. It is dangerous because the build-up creates pressure on the brain. The most common procedure to relieve the pressure is to have a shunt put in. Additional treatment can include therapy and allows the child to leave a normal life with few limits.
Juvenile Arthritis – This is exactly what the name implies; juvenile onset of Arthritis or rheumatoid Arthritis. It affects the joints and may involve stiffness or an inability to proper use the joint or joints that are affected. Juvenile Arthritis can be managed with medication and possibly some dietary or lifestyle changes.
Juvenile Diabetes – As with Juvenile Arthritis, this is the early or juvenile onset of diabetes. This varies from adult onset Diabetes because the body does not produce enough insulin. Diabetes requires regularly testing insulin levels and dietary changes. Most people with Diabetes can live a normal, healthy and active life if they manage their Diabetes. Ignoring the disease can have physical effects, such as the inability of sores to heal, nerve damage in the hands and feet, as well as loss of consciousness and even coma. It is hereditary so obtaining a medical history from the birth family is important.
